Lomiko Metals

Lomico Metals Inc. (CVE:LMR) is a company that engages in acquiring, exploring and developing mineral resource properties in Canada. The company is mostly engaged in the exploration of zinc, gold and graphite deposits. It has a large claim in Vines Lake Property in the south eastern part of Cassia town, found in British Columbia. It has some interests in Quatre Milles Property which cover at least 3,000 acres in the North Western parts of Montreal, Quebec. Initially, the company was known by the name Lomiko Resources Inc., and it acquired the new name in October 2008. Lomico Metals Inc. was incorporated in 1987 and is headquartered in Surrey, Canada.

Lomiko Metals Inc. has recently changed its main focus to the development of High-Performance Graphene-Enhanced materials that are vital for three dimensional (3D) printing. The 3D labs have gone a step further in promoting 3D printing technology in the current world. Best quality graphite is a basic material to be used in the production of graphene. Lomiko will generally provide quality graphite to Graphene 3D Labs and has been rated the most exclusive supplier which has interests to provide a $50,000 start-up capital for a quarter a million shares entitled to dividends.

Lomiko Metals Inc. recently announced its strategic alliance with Graphene Laboratories Inc., this process has resulted in the production of excellent quality graphene for various uses, despite the fact that the production is yet to be made efficient for commercial purposes; a lot is being done to improve the production process.

Lomiko is entering into various deals that will see them become one of the leading producers of this material; this has been made possible by investing more funds into the production of the materials as well as entering into contracts with other companies aimed at making the production process more efficient.

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The first graphene-only integrated circuit was created by International Business Machines (NYSE:IBM) three years ago. However, this was not a complete breakthrough because they used largely silicon and metal for much of the hardware. University of California Santa Barbara has made a crucial discovery that involves designing an integrated circuit completely from graphene only. This new model is based on the fact that graphene displays different qualities depending on its pattern, i.e. a wide ribbon displays metallic qualities while a narrow ribbon displays semiconductor properties. If chips would be designed this way then they would be much thinner, efficient and easier to assemble as compared to the ones made with mixed material. Currently a graphene Integrated Circuit is a theoretical computer model yet to be practically made; there are no plans to produce graphene chips at the moment, therefore this could take some time to see.

Graphene Integrated Circuit – Super computer

As scientists continue to improve silicon based ICs (which involves fashioning smaller transistors onto a chip, reducing power consumption and increasing its performance) they face challenges of contact resistance. This is resistance that builds up when components conducting electricity get in touch with each other. This may not be a problem for a single component, but when there are millions of transistors and interconnects on a chip, the combined energy is a major concern.

As a designer fuses various small components onto silicon chips, more complications emerge. This is where graphene overcomes silicon. While silicon is purely a semiconductor, graphene has both conductor and semi conductor qualities. Therefore, it can act as a metal conductor and as a semi conductor just like silicon. Due to these two major qualities of graphene, a designer can fashion the entire IC onto a graphene sheet and successfully do away with any contact resistance.

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Pure Graphene

US researchers who worked on ways of making electrical contacts on graphene made two important discoveries in the process. Through use of a novel fabrication technique they have managed to create stacked layers of the finest quality of pure graphene yet. Simultaneously, they have managed to make electrical contact only along graphene’s one dimensional edge, thereby increasing the electron injection efficiently into graphene.

The two-dimensional structure of graphene makes it easy to contaminate, thus most of the techniques used when stacking the material within insulating material layers use specified polymers when picking and placing the sheets. The polymers are chemically sticky and rarely contaminate grapheme, thus enabling it to maintain its qualities. The research has disproved the theory that graphene’s ability to conduct would work far more efficiently was it to be confined to the edge of the sheets.

A team of Columbia University researchers headed by Cory Dean has appropriately addressed these problems. This was done by developing a process to create several layers of pure graphene encapsulated by several layers of boron nitride without involving extraneous materials. This was later on followed by exposing graphene’s edges to enable electrical contact.

On completing the assembly, a mask can be then be placed on the surface on top of this, and the sides are plasma edged away so as to expose the single dimension edges of the filling made of graphene. If there is need for electrical contact, the design provides that metals are deposited on the exposed edges.

Studies conducted further entailed research show one could efficiently inject electrons into the single dimension edge, and the studies have also proved electrons can fluently flow through the samples as long as the temperature is slow enough. Dean further argues this process can work well with a number of other two dimensional materials including the transitional metal dichalcogenides.

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Graphene is considered the next generation material for solar panel construction where it is expected to be a primary component in solar cells. By coating it with a silicon film, it retains its transparency and conductivity, thereby making it the best material for making solar cells thus far. The Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) Institute for Silicon Photovoltaics recently conducted a research which proved this fact. The findings have opened doors for the use of graphene in the thin-film photovoltaics industry.

Graphene solar cells

Graphene is an ideal material for solar cells because it’s transparent, cheap, a good conductor, and non-toxic. The transparency quality makes it a perfect material for solar cell construction because it does not reduce the amount of incoming light.

The Michigan Technological University researchers have made various developments in graphene solar cells. In the first case, they developed a structure so that the graphene sheets are held apart by lithium carbonate; this method has attained 7.8% efficiency. In the second case the researchers have worked out models of solar cells from single graphene and molybdenum diselenide cells; these are expected to produce 1,000 times more energy than that of equally weighing materials. In the third case, the MIT scientists have developed solar cells by combining graphene and zinc oxide, and the cost of producing these cells will be cheaper as compared to other options.

Another major development has been made by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Mass. They have built solar cells using graphene and AuCl3, this is an organic photovoltaic with a high absorption effect, low weight and low cost. Since these organic photovoltaics are transparent, it implies they can be used on windows, thereby enabling you to tap your solar energy conveniently.

Other developments of graphene in making solar cells have been done by the University of Florida in the US. They have achieved the most efficient graphene based solar cell (at 8.6%) by making of dope technology.

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Honda Graphene batteries Investment

Honda (NYSE:HMC), one of the leading manufacturers of motorcycles and automobiles, has invested in graphene for its energy storage properties. Graphene is touted to become the new material in the manufacture of batteries since electrodes made from graphene can replace those made from lithium.

Research done at Rice University, one of the many institutions that have over the years engaged in explorations into the potential uses of graphene, has indicated that the efficiency of lithium ion batteries can be boosted a great deal if boron atoms where added to graphene to make an ultrathin anode. It is this anode that makes the battery more effective in storing energy.

Earlier research at the Northwestern University had shown that anodes made from graphene can store energy better than those made from graphite. In addition, graphene anodes can charge 10 times faster than those of graphite.

An ideal lithium ion battery has lithium ions that carry the charge circulating through the anode and cathode in the electrolyte when discharging, i.e., when generating power. The process is reversed when charging the battery. The overall performance of the battery largely depends on the ability of anode to hold and facilitate the movement of lithium ions.

By adding boron, the lithium ions that circulate in the battery are able to effectively stick to the graphene anode. This overcomes the initial challenge whereby the ions could not adhere to the anode. Anodes made from graphene enable the battery to charge easily and faster. These batteries also discharge slower than the ones in use today. It is this property that companies such as Honda, Kia and Hyundai want to utilize. Honda has partnered with research institutions to try and use the boron-mixture in batteries to manufacture highly effective batteries for use in electric cars.

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Lockheed Martin Corp (NYSE:LMT), a defense contractor, has made a groundbreaking discovery in the use of graphene’s ultra filtration properties to purify water for use at a f

Lockheed Martin Corp

raction of the costs. Not only does the use of graphene to filter water save on costs, it also saves a lot of energy that goes into the removal of salts, gases and other particles from water to make it consumable. This is a major step in addressing the acute water shortage which is now becoming a concern in global security.

By using graphene, manufacturers can now make thin filter membranes from carbon. With regular nanometer sized holes, which are big enough to allow only water to sip through, these filters can block salt molecules in seawater thus making it fresh for use.

Since graphene is basically pure carbon, it can be used to make thin (one-atom thin) sheets of filters.
The filters are five hundred times thinner than the thinnest filter available in the current market. The graphene filters are also stronger by a thousand times the ordinary filters. This saves a lot in terms of the energy since only a small amount of energy is used to push the salty water through the one layered filter. Energy is used only in separating the salt from the water.

Savings could also come in the form of not having to build expensive stations used to pump water in plants where the reverse osmosis, a desalination process, is used.

With a hundred times cut in the energy consumption and pressure used currently to filter water, Lockheed Martin Corp leads the way to meeting the challenge of water scarcity. It is reported that clean water for drinking is becoming rare with each passing day globally. Increased water competition will potentially lead to failure in some countries due to instability. This calls for effective and efficient methods of harvesting and preserving water.

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The days of folding your tablet or phone to fit in a purse or small pocket are approaching fast with the unveiling of foldable electronics. Unlike bendable substrate-based flexible electronics, foldable electronics rely on foldable substrates that come with a very stable electricity conductor that can withstand folding. It means that the conductor embroiled on the substrate must also be foldable.

foldable-electronics

Researchers have already considered a paper as the ultimate foldable substrate to replace plastic substrates since it is cheap, versatile and can be rolled up.

In the past, there has been positive progress in several foldable electronic applications. For instance, researchers in nanotechnology have already been successful making foldable paper batteries powered by algae as well as printing solar cells on paper.

Perhaps one of the most promising paths for foldable electronics is the use of graphene circuits based on paper substrates. Researchers have been able to fabricate foldable graphene circuits for use in electronics.

Graphene is the ideal candidate for foldable devices since it has an inimitable combination of properties that make it ideal for making unique conductive ink since it is chemically stable, mechanically flexible and suitable in conducting electricity. An Inkjet-printable ink made from graphene will lead to cheap and scalable path towards real-world technologies.

foldable electronics

The creation of a high performance foldable battery and the development of graphene based electronic circuits means that future electronics will be flexible. Manufactures will now design gadgets differently since they will now be foldable or rollable. Screen will now be bendable around corners and computers will be wearable. Electronics will be paper thin and exceptionally light. Giant electronic manufacturers such as Nokia and Samsung have invested a lot in research and development of foldable electronics and have already demonstrated a lot of success in this field.

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Nokia Investing in Grapgene

Recently, Nokia (NYSE:NOK) was awarded a $1.35 billion funding for its activities in graphene in the next ten years. These activities are mostly research that aims at developing applications from the ‘wonder material’ that are tipped to change the world. European Union gave out the grant in line with its mission, which is to promote research in high risk areas, offset by the likelihood of a breakthrough which will have a high impact in technology or the social world.

The Finnish mobile-phone maker is a member of the Graphene Flagship Consortium that brings together 74 industry leaders from the private sector as well as academia who want to improve the world with graphene.

Graphene is thin, extremely light, flexible and resilient. This makes ideal for numerous applications. Nokia has a very clear plan for graphene. The company intends to develop mobile phones that are fully flexible and exceptionally light (foldable electronics). Since 2006, Nokia has been working on graphene. It has identified areas in which graphene can be applied to develop live-changing applications. For instance, graphene transistors, which can be manufactured in almost microscopic sizes, would enable the company to make a new generation of electronics with improved features such as smaller sizes and significant weight reductions. Nokia has been making positive progress and this grant will accelerate its developments. Moreover, given that this revolutionary material carries with high stakes, the effect of Nokia’s research could give Europe a much needed edge against similar research by rivals from Asia and North America.

foldable electronics

Nokia realizes the advantage that graphene comes with as well as its effects in revolutionizing the world of mobile phone technology and even beyond. In 2008, Nokia unveiled the ‘Morph’, a mobile phone built on the concept of flexibility and nanotechnology. Made from graphene, the ‘Morph’ is capable of changing into many shapes. Nokia is also researching on the use of graphene to coat electronic devices to make them completely waterproof and impervious to fingerprints. In addition, the company is also studying the possibility of creating television screens from graphene which are flexible and foldable, just like posters.

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Graphene Investments

In the next five years, graphene will transform the world of clean technology. This transformation is likely to impact greatly on the clean tech stocks as well. Presently, most graphene technologies are in the lab and therefore do not affect their investments. However, this is set to change when the technologies are commercialized.

In the recent past, a lot of companies have engaged themselves in developing graphene applications, and have hastened to patent their results. Although most of these developments are years from measurable revenue, they promise to turn the necks of the stock investors. For instance, Lockheed Martin (NYSE:LMT) is working on graphene water filters that are set to redefine how water as a resource is treated. A commercialized development will mean something huge worldwide since water is a crucial resource that is of great concern to all governments and other co-operations.

Already, companies such as Focus Graphite and Lomiko Metals Inc. (CVE:LMR) have demonstrated that they can oxidize graphene to produce graphene oxide which is a major breakthrough in graphene investments. Graphene oxide, for instance, is behind the manufacture of graphene super capacitors which are tipped to replace electrochemical batteries in almost all industrial and commercial applications.

Presently, there are over nine thousand patents for graphene. This shows that the graphene investments industry has enough graphite resources to supply and maintain itself. Even if graphene doesn’t meet the expectations of many as a product worth investing stocks in, the companies such as Lomiko (CVE:LMR) and Grafoid are considered as worthy investments as a result of the stakes they hold in graphite mines which support the graphene industry. If these companies are bought based on only the valuations of the mining assets that they hold, graphene industry will provide a potential for long-term investments.

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